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Decimal vs. Binary Format

 

Internet addresses are specified by four fields separated by periods. Each field is considered a byte, and each byte represents 8 bits. This means Internet addresses are called "32 bit addresses" because and IP address has 4 bytes which makes a total of 32 bits. Below is a simple IP address illustrating this point:

4 Bytes = 8 bits for a total of 32 bits

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binary

Binary Conversion

Decimal Value of each Bit

 

This sample chart shows the decimal value of each bit. Remember there are 8 bits in a byte, and binary is just seen as 1s and 0s. Keeping this in mind when converting to binary simply look at where the digits are placed and if there is a 1 in the place you add the number value. Binary is simple addition. For example if you had the following binary number:

01111001= 0+64+32+16+8+0+0+1= 121

How did we got 121? Referring back to the chart there was a 0 in the 128 spot so there is no value, there was a 1 in the 64 spot so the value was 64, there was a 1 in the 32 spot so the value was 32, there was a 1 in the 16 spot so the value was 16, there was a 1 in the 8 spot so the value was 8, there was a 0 in the 4 spot so the value was 0, there was a 0 in the 2 spot so the value was 0, there was a 1 in the 1 spot so the value was 1. Now that you have the hang of it lets convert the following binary to decimal values and decimal to binary values:

01111000 00000001 00000011 11110000=120.1.3.240

11000011 01010101 10011001 11010010=195.85.153.210

207.199.32.205=11001111.11000111.00100000.11001101

151.2.254.60=10010111.00000010.11111110.00111100

Did you get what I got? If not, refer back to the previous examples. If you did great, continue with the networking fundamentals tutorial.

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ipaddress

Internet Class Addresses

 

There is an estimated 4 billion Internet address and to provide structure the IP addresses are categorized into classes. Classes can be determined by looking at the first field in an Internet address. There are five classes: A, B, C, D, and E. The first field will identify the class and the range will be limited to 255. So for example if the IP contains the number 256 anywhere in the address, you will know it is an invalid IP address. Each class is also divided into a network and a host. For each address this will be different. Refer to the following list to see each classes range and network and host division. 

  • Class A: 1-126 (127 is reserved for loopback, first 8 bits used for network and the other 24 bits used for host) 

Class A Address

  • Class B: 128-191(first 16 bits used for the network and the other 16 bits for the host)

Class B Address

  • Class C: 192-223 (first 24 bits used for the network and the other 8 bits used for the host)

Class C Address

  • Class D: 224-239 (supports multicasting)

Class D Address

  • Class E: 240-247 (experimental, reserved for future use)

 

Class E Address

 

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